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Initiated in 2002 at the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine’s (ESICM) annual meeting with the Barcelona Declaration, the Surviving Sepsis Campaign (SSC) has progressed in phases that have developed four editions of evidence-based guidelines, implementation of a performance improvement program, and analysis and publication of data from more than 30,000 patient records collected from around the world.
Below, follow a timeline of sepsis research and treatment and the SSC's development.
The deleterious clinical impact of infected central IV catheters in the ICU was recognized.
Animal models of sepsis emerged.
Indirect calorimetry and nitrogen balance were popularized for studying the metabolic response to sepsis.
An exotoxin from Staphylococcus aureus was identified as a cause of toxic shock syndrome and linked to tampon use.
Profound but reversible myocardial depression was reported in patients with septic shock.
The term “sepsis syndrome” was coined to represent infection-induced organ dysfunction.
Antimediator therapies showed promise in sepsis animal models, and a study of antiendotoxin therapy found an association with improved outcomes.
The Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score and the Multiple Organ Dysfunction Score (MODS) emerged as inventories to quantify the severity of organ dysfunction in sepsis.
Large clinical trials of innovative sepsis therapies were unsuccessful.
The Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM), the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM), and the International Sepsis Forum launched the Surviving Sepsis Campaign (SSC). The 2002 Barcelona Declaration set forth a plan to inform the public and government agencies, develop guidelines, and reduce mortality in sepsis. |
Each hour of delay in administering appropriate antibiotics to patients with septic shock was associated with increased mortality.
A second randomized trial of stress-dose corticosteroids in patients with less severe septic shock failed to validate a mortality reduction associated with replacement therapy.
Publication of results of 15,000 patient datasets showed the association of SSC bundle compliance with 20% relative risk reduction.
The Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation funded development of educational programming, research, and SSC outreach.
A follow-up trial of rhAPC administration in patients with septic shock failed to reduce mortality at either 28 or 90 days.
The third edition of the SSC guidelines was published, along with revised bundles.
Two large randomized trials of EGDT versus usual care in early septic shock showed no difference in outcomes.
An analysis of more than 17,500 patients enrolled in the SSC international performance improvement program demonstrated an association between sepsis bundle compliance and mortality.
A third consensus conference published revised definitions of sepsis and septic shock and recommended eliminating the term “severe sepsis.”
A World Health Organization resolution recognized sepsis as a global health priority.
The SSC released the first international sepsis guidelines for children.